Authority and Literary Experiment in Spenser †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Authority and Literary Experiment in Spenser. Answer: Presentation: With regards to the section Sexual Difference composed by Bennett and Royale the creator centers around the subjection of ladies contrasted with man (Bennett and Royle 2016). Portia happens to be the hero of the play and the most impressive character who picks her man of the hour among the noblest of men. However it is seen that Portia is a character that is commanded by her dead dads will. Thiss is a logical discourse. Shakespeare utilizes talking points in practically the entirety of its sentences. It is an artistic gadget that is utilized by Shakespeare so as to structure the sentences more enhance and make it all the more speaking to the crowds. That is, the decision of her man of the hour least relies on her and significantly relies on her dead dad. Nonetheless, Portia is being contrasted with Belmont, tending to power and quality, yet her character and her whole presence is tied by the will made by her dad when he was alive. Portia outlined as the most remarkable, clever and th e most lovely lady of Belmont. However simultaneously, her character is demonstrated to be shackled by her dead dads will to picked her husband to be. She is burnt out on evaluating groom based on the correct decision made for picking coffins, yet she perseveres through the torment and inconvenience (Eggert 2015). Being the most influential lady in Belmont she is tied by guarantees advertisement words made to her dad. The section Sexual Difference likewise discusses the control of lady regardless of their societal position and the force a lady holds. The second hyperbole that is utilized is analogy in the line Such a harethe cripple. In this specific line, Portia thinks about herself to a bunny. It must be noticed that rabbit is representative of blamelessness at weakness simultaneously. Aside from that hare is emblematic of new youth that is loaded with vitality, that is made to act as indicated by the well established guidelines (contrasted with as disabled man). Portia looks at her current business as usual to that of a hare. Considerably subsequent to being the most qualified unmarried lady of Belmont, she can't practice her command over her decision of spouse. Her desires are checked by the desire of her dead dad. With regards to the section Sexual Difference by Bennett and Royale it tends to be declared that Portia was a youthful, free and skip natured woman who by the dint of her mind and knowledge achieved prevalence and love over the globe. That was the very explanation she was needed as an actual existence accomplice by a huge number of men. However her through and through freedom and her astuteness were of no utilization as she reserved no option to execute her assessment over the decision of her significant other. Once more, it is indicated that the legitimate and influential ladies are controlled and ruled by male figures. For this situation the male figure that commands the will and wishes of Portia is her dad. Reference List Bennett, A. what's more, Royle, N., 2016.An prologue to writing, analysis and hypothesis. Routledge. Eggert, K., 2015.Showing Like a Queen: Female Authority and Literary Experiment in Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton. College of Pennsylvania Press. Hillman, R. what's more, Ruberry-Blanc, P., 2016.Female Transgression in Early Modern Britain: Literary and Historical Explorations. Routledge. Shakespeare, W., 2018.The vendor of Venice. Cambridge University Press.

Comparison of the Use of Nature by Shelley and Wordsworth Essay

 â â â â Both Shelley, in Tribute toward the West Wind, and Wordsworth, in Hints of Immortality, are fundamentally the same as in their utilization of nature to depict the life and demise of the human soul. As the two of them depict nature these two writers utilize the examination of how the Earth and for its entire life is equivalent to our own human life. I feel that Shelley utilizes the seasons as a method of depicting the human life during rebirth. Wordsworth appears to focus more on the phases that an individual experiences during life. Shelley looks at himself to such things as mists, leaves, and waves. He is composing the sonnet as though he were an object of the earth, and what it resembles to once live and afterward kick the bucket just to be reawakened. Then again, Wordsworth takes pictures like glades, fields, and winged animals and utilizations them to show what gives him life. Life being what ever an individual needs to proceed onward, and with out those items can 't have life. Wordsworth doesn't contrast himself with these things like Shelley, yet rather utilizes them for instance of how he feels about the phases of living. Beginning from a baby to a little fellow into a man, a man who realizes demise is coming and can fail to address it since it's a piece of life.      When a man gets old and has nothing to anticipate he will consistently think back, back to what are known as past times worth remembering. Nowadays were brimming with youthful guiltlessness, and no concerns. Wordsworth portrays these youth days by saying that A solitary Field which I have viewed,/Both of them discuss something that is gone: The Pansy at my feet Doth a similar story rehash: Whither is fled the visionary sparkle? Where is it now, the magnificence and the dream?(190) Another case of how Wordsworth utilizes nature as a method of harping on his past youth encounters is the point at which he expresses O delight! That in our ashes/Is something that doth live,/That nature yet recalls/What was so outlaw! (192) Here an ash speaks to our blurring a long time through life and nature is recollecting the youth that has gotten away throughout the years. To the extent Wordsworth and his states of mind go I think he is exceptionally moved essentially. I can picture him seeing life and feeling it in each blossom, subterranean insect, and bit of grass that crosses his way. The feeling he feels is firmly proposed in this line To me the meanest bloom that blows can give/Thoughts that do frequently lie unreasonably profound for tears. (193) Not just is this showi... ...d of this sonnet Shelley asks, If Winter comes, can Spring be a long ways behind? (678) Now I wonder if this is simply one more line stressing resurrection and the likenesses between the seasons. Or on the other hand is Shelley saying this since he is getting the feeling that the closer he gets to death the more he addresses whether resurrection is genuine.      So after close assessment of both these bits of writing I feel that the contrasts between these two artists is that Wordsworth thinks back on how life was and Shelley considers what's in the afterlife. I would need to state that they're fundamentally the same as in the manner that they use nature as a method of depicting human life. The utilization of how nature influences them and their affection for nature carries me to that end. So what makes these pieces so amazing? Actually it's not the thinking among life and demise; it's the examination of how other living things on Earth that we underestimate are like us as a human race. At the point when these two artists take a gander at a blossom or a dusk they see something beyond a pretty bloom or a lovely nightfall they see what life is comprised of, which is awesome now and again and terrible at different occasions. Like the idiom goes you can't have great without detestable. Correlation of the Use of Nature by Shelley and Wordsworth Essay  â â â â Both Shelley, in Tribute toward the West Wind, and Wordsworth, in Hints of Immortality, are fundamentally the same as in their utilization of nature to depict the life and passing of the human soul. As the two of them depict nature these two writers utilize the correlation of how the Earth and for its entire life is equivalent to our own human life. I feel that Shelley utilizes the seasons as a method of depicting the human life during rebirth. Wordsworth appears to focus more on the phases that an individual experiences during life. Shelley looks at himself to such things as mists, leaves, and waves. He is composing the sonnet as though he were an object of the earth, and what it resembles to once live and afterward kick the bucket just to be renewed. Then again, Wordsworth takes pictures like glades, fields, and winged animals and utilizations them to show what gives him life. Life being what ever an individual needs to proceed onward, and with out those articles ca n't have life. Wordsworth doesn't contrast himself with these things like Shelley, yet rather utilizes them for instance of how he feels about the phases of living. Beginning from a newborn child to a little fellow into a man, a man who realizes passing is coming and can fail to address it since it's a piece of life.      When a man gets old and has nothing to anticipate he will consistently think back, back to what are known as past times worth remembering. Nowadays were loaded with youthful guiltlessness, and no concerns. Wordsworth portrays these youth days by saying that A solitary Field which I have viewed,/Both of them discuss something that is gone: The Pansy at my feet Doth a similar story rehash: Whither is fled the visionary glimmer? Where is it now, the magnificence and the dream?(190) Another case of how Wordsworth utilizes nature as a method of harping on his past youth encounters is the point at which he states O bliss! That in our coals/Is something that doth live,/That nature yet recollects/What was so outlaw! (192) Here an ash speaks to our blurring a very long time through life and nature is recalling the youth that has gotten away throughout the years. To the extent Wordsworth and his mind-sets go I think he is exceptionally moved ordinarily. I can picture him seeing life and feeling it in each bloom, subterranean insect, and bit of grass that crosses his way. The feeling he feels is emphatically recommended in this line To me the meanest bloom that blows can give/Thoughts that do regularly lie unreasonably profound for tears. (193) Not just is this showi... ...d of this sonnet Shelley asks, If Winter comes, can Spring be a long ways behind? (678) Now I wonder if this is simply one more line stressing resurrection and the similitudes between the seasons. Or on the other hand is Shelley saying this since he is getting the feeling that the closer he gets to death the more he addresses whether resurrection is genuine.      So after close assessment of both these bits of writing I feel that the contrasts between these two artists is that Wordsworth thinks back on how life was and Shelley considers what's in the afterlife. I would need to state that they're fundamentally the same as in the manner that they use nature as a method of depicting human life. The utilization of how nature influences them and their affection for nature carries me to that end. So what makes these pieces so incredible? Actually it's not the thinking among life and passing; it's the correlation of how other living things on Earth that we underestimate are like us as a human race. At the point when these two writers take a gander at a bloom or a nightfall they see something other than a pretty blossom or an excellent dusk they see what life is comprised of, which is magnificent on occasion and terrible at different occasions. Like the truism goes you can't have great without malicious.

Blog Archive GMAT Impact Odds and Ends

Blog Archive GMAT Impact Odds and Ends When it comes to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this weekly blog series,  Manhattan GMAT’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Today, we’re going to clean up some loose ends in several areas: Integrated Reasoning (IR), Sentence Correction and how the GMAT factors into the admissions process. Integrated Reasoning Percentiles Released Our big news is that GMAC has released the first score-to-percentile conversion chart. Here it is: Percentile Score 94% 8 85% 7 70% 6 54% 5 46% 4 26% 3 17% 2 0% 1 The mean score is a 4.0/46th  percentile. In general, as we’ve discussed in the past, we want to try to hit or beat the mean. If you’re applying to an extra-competitive program, try to beat the mean, but a 5 (for now) is fineâ€"you don’t need to hit 7 or 8 the first year. More on the “New” Sentence Correction Sentence Correction (SC) has been changing for a few years now, but any changes are typically so slow that it takes a while for everything to add up. SC isn’t really new, but some problem characteristics that used to be more rare are now much more common, such as questions that test meaning or answer choices with substantially changed sentence structures (or both!). We discussed this a few weeks ago, but Manhattan GMAT has a new article for you now that compiles the accumulated “wisdom” to date on this subject. Should I Take the GMAT Again? Finally, I’ve been hearing from a lot of students recently who have taken the new GMAT with IR and, for various reasons, are wondering whether to take the GMAT again. (We also discussed this more generally on the mbaMission blog earlier this week.) Let’s discuss a few of the cases. One person scored a 740 on the “main” test (and both subscores were above 80th  percentile) and a 4 on IR. Someone applying this year with those numbers does not need to take the test again. In a few years, this advice could change, depending on how the schools begin to use the IR section. Another person took the test for a second time and received his desired “minimum” score (I want at least XYZ). This student is thinking about going for more but worried about how the schools will view three test scores. As a general rule, most schools don’t care if you take the test up to three times. If you do get what that school considers a “good” score on one of the administrations, then great; if not, then it doesn’t matter how many times you took it. Finally, I have spoken with multiple students who knew going into the test that IR wasn’t their focus, so they prepared a little bit, but not much. During the real test, however, their “school” training kicked in: they tried their best simply because it was a test! Unfortunately, they tired themselves out and didn’t get the score they wanted on the quant and verbal portions of the test. Remember that part of the preparation for IR is simply this: I actively don’t want the best score (not this year), and if I see a question that’s too hard, I’ll have no problem making a guess and moving on because I know that IR is not the main event. Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact

Achilles a Tragic Hero Essay example - 1166 Words

Achilles as Tragic Hero In his classic work Poetics Aristotle provided a model of the tragic hero. According to Aristotle, the tragic hero is more admirable than the average person. This results in the tragic hero being admired by the audience. For the audience to accept a tragic ending as just, it is crucial that the tragic hero be responsible for their undoing. At the same time though, they must remain admired and respected. This is achieved by the tragic hero having a fatal flaw that leads to their undoing. One of literatures examples of the tragic hero is Achilles from Homers The Iliad. However, Achilles is different from the classic tragic hero in one major way - his story does not end tragically. Unlike the usual†¦show more content†¦This illustrates that Achilles can be considered as being more admirable than the average person. This is also expressed in the poem, such as where Apollo refers to Achilles saying, Let that man beware, or great and glorious as he is, / We mighty god s will wheel on him in anger - look, / He outrages the senseless clay in all his fury! (Homer, XXIV 58-60). This passage recognizes Achilles as great and glorious. This passage also mentions the fatal flaw, which is the second requirement of Aristotles hero. Achilles fatal flaw is his tendency to go to extremes out of anger. Apollo recognizes this where he refers to Achilles fury. This fatal flaw is also expressed in the opening lines of the poem, Rage - Goddess, sing the rage of Peleus son Achilles, / murderous, doomed, that cost the Achaeans countless losses (Homer, I 1-2). The rage that is spoken of first causes Achilles to react and refuse to join the battle. When Patroclos is killed, it then causes Achilles to react again, with his rage driving him too far. This allows the audience to see that Achilles is a great man, while having a fatal flaw that leads to his own undoing. The final aspect of the tragic hero is that his life ends tragically because of his downfall. If Achilles fit with this model perfectly, he would become aware of his excessive rage at the end of the poem. However, while he did become a better personShow MoreRelatedAchilles: The Tragic Hero Essay920 Words   |  4 Pagesstrength of the swift runner, Achilles. Achilles had the attributes of a perfect warrior with his god-like speed and combat abilities. However, even though he was Greek’s greatest warrior, he still possessed several flaws that made him fit the role of the Tragic Hero impeccably. Defined by Aristotle, a Tragic Hero is someone who possesses a high status of nobility and greatness, but must have imperfections so that mere mortals cannot relate to the hero. Lastly, the Tragic Hero’s downfall must be partiallyRead MoreAchilles Is The First Tragic Hero1918 Words   |  8 PagesTHESIS STATEMENT Euripides’ Achilles is seen as the first tragic hero because he has all the criteria of a tragic hero - high social position, undergoes reversal of fortune, and a tragic flaw - but he does not have a tragic downfall. PURPOSE STATEMENT Through critical essays, research, and reading The Iliad, it can be perceived that Achilles is the first tragic hero in dramatic history. INTRODUCTION Throughout The Iliad, it is debated whether Achilles is the tragic hero or Hector. Looking at theRead MoreAchilles : A Tragic Hero1604 Words   |  7 Pagesthe last year of the Trojan War, but also the tale of the hero Achilles. In the Iliad, Achilles is a very complex hero who, known for his rage, determines both his own destiny and the fate of a nation and its people. Achilles may be remembered for his anger, but that doesn’t define who he is as a character. Achilles has both good reasons and good intentions as to why he chooses to react in anger. The speaker only elaborates about how Achilles reacts in response to his rage to entertain listeners. SinceRead MoreEssay on Achilles: The Tragic Hero of The Iliad669 Words   |  3 PagesAchilles can be described as a Tragic Hero in many ways. He was brave and had great strength but, he was also prideful and lacked control with his emotions, and in all the label of a tragic hero fits him. A Tragic hero is â€Å"a literary character who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw that, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedy† (â€Å"Tragic Hero†). To many men Achilles was god-like, and immortal, the epitome of a hero to the Greeks, he was strong, brave in the face ofRead MoreThe Fate Of The War1303 Words   |  6 Pagesdecreed. Achilles and Hector were both controlled by the powerful force as well as the outcome of the war. Through out the poem the fate of these individuals are learned and made clearer. There was nothing either could have done to overcome or change their fate. Both men were fated to die in the poem. When it came to the fate of both men Achilles had the upper hand because his mother was Thetis who was a god and knew the will of Achilles fate before his birth. Therefore she informed Achilles of hisRead MoreTragic Heroes of The Iliad and Oedipus Rex Analysis749 Words   |  3 Pagesclassic from of heroism called tragic heroism in his work entitled Poetics. In Poetics, Aristotle explains that there are certain qualities that a tragic hero has that can qualify him or her as tragically heroic. Two Grecian literary legends, Achilles from Homer’s Iliad and Sophocles’s Oedipus Rex, fit the description of an Aristotelian tragic hero. Achilles, from Homer’s The Iliad, is a tragic hero. Achilles’s quick rage coincides with a key characteristic of a tragic hero. Agamemnon, the king of MycenaeRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Tragic Hero944 Words   |  4 Pagesclassification for a character to be known as a tragic hero is that the so-call hero has some type a flaw that causes cloudiness in his/her judgment, and leads to the downfall of himself/herself or those around him/her. In Aristotle s Poetics, he describes what characteristics a tragic hero will mostly like have, since both Euripides s Medea and Homer s Achilles have downfalls that not only affect them but also the those around them, they should be classified as tragic heroes by Aristotle s definition andRead MoreAristotle and the Tragic Hero1067 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle and the Tragic Hero The traditional hero stresses courage and nobility as essential traits of heroism. He lived by a code of honor and valued certain things as more important than others, so that he is willing to take risks and endure hardships for their sake. He is often a leader and protector of a community. The fact that the hero not only performs great deeds but performs them out of worthy principles renders his deed even more admirable. On the other hand, the Greek tragic hero is best definedRead MoreHEROISM IN THE ILIAD Essay1046 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Iliad there are many characters that could be considered heroic. But the two main characters that stand out as heroes to me are swift-footed Achilles and flashing-helmet Hector. Numerous times throughout the epic they display qualities and traits that are unsurpassed by anyone on their side. Many times throughout the epic Achilles and Hector are tested for their strength, and will to win in battle, which for both warriors always ends up posit ive because they always win their battles. AlthoughRead MoreCharacteristics Of Gilgamesh1021 Words   |  5 Pages A hero can be anyone. A hero does not have to be a super hero that is on TV or in the movies. A hero can be anyone who is admired for his or her courage and outstanding achievements. A hero can be a parent, a family member, a friend, or even a doctor. A hero is a person who comes into another persons life to help and encourage the other person. The hero can have a significant effect on any person. They could have helped a person when he or she was having a hard time or they saved them from an accident

Are Dragonflies Evil 5 Myths About Dragonflies

The ancient insects we call dragonflies may be the most misunderstood insects of all. Some cultures revile them, while others revere them. Many myths have emerged over the centuries, and some still get handed down from generation to generation. Here are 5 myths about dragonflies, with facts to set the record straight. 1. Dragonflies Live Just One Day Dragonflies actually live for months or even years, if you count the entire life cycle from egg to adult. In some species, the aquatic nymphs molt up to 15 times, a growth process that takes several years to complete. People who think dragonflies live just one day are probably thinking only of the adult dragonfly stage. It is true that an adult dragonflys main objective is to mate before dying, and so they dont need to live very long. But most adult dragonflies will live for several months at least while eating, patrolling, and mating. Dragonflies dont usually die of old age, either – they tend to wind up in the bellies of larger predators, like birds. 2. Dragonflies Sting Nope, not even close to true. Dragonflies may look threatening to the entomophobes among us, but there isnt a dragonfly known to man that has a sting apparatus. Male dragonflies do bear claspers for holding the female during mating, and these could perhaps be mistaken for a stinger by an uninformed observer. Also, in some female dragonflies – the darners and petaltails, specifically – the ovipositor is designed to slice open plant stems. These dragonflies, as well as all of the smaller and less intimidating damselflies, insert their eggs into plant material and are thus equipped to incise plant tissue. Now, on very rare occasions, a dragonfly has mistaken someones leg for a plant and attempted to slice it open and deposit an egg. Yes, that hurts. But that doesnt mean the dragonfly can sting. There are no venom sacs to administer toxins into your body, and the insects intent is not to harm you. Only insects in the order Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) can sting. 3. Dragonflies Can Sew Your Mouth (or Ears or Eyes) Shut Although it is kind of fun to tell little kids they can. People perpetuating this myth refer to dragonflies as Devils darning needles, and usually offer it as a caveat to children who are misbehaving. If there was any logical origin of this not-so-urban legend, it probably lies in the same morphological features that make people think dragonflies can sting. Just because an insect has a long, pointy abdomen does not mean it can employ a running stitch to sew up your mouth. 4. Dragonflies Harass Horses The horses might feel as if they are being harassed when dragonflies persistently fly around them, but the dragonflies have no particular interest in the horses. Dragonflies are predaceous, feeding on other, smaller insects, including the flies that tend to hang around horses and cattle. In all likelihood, a dragonfly that seems to be fixated on a horse is simply improving its odds of catching a meal. People sometimes call dragonflies horse stingers, but as weve already established, dragonflies dont sting at all. 5. Dragonflies Are Evil For centuries, people have eyed dragonflies with suspicion and imbued them with evil intent. Swedish folk legends accused dragonflies of poking out peoples eyes and referred to them as blind stingers for this reason. From Germany to England, people associate dragonflies with the devil, giving them nicknames like water witch, hobgoblin fly, devils horse, and even snake killer. That one is particularly interesting since snakes themselves are often thought to be in cahoots with Satan. But truth be told, dragonflies are far from evil. They are, in fact, quite beneficent, if we consider how many mosquitoes they consume, both as nymphs (when they eat mosquito larvae) and adults (when they catch and eat them in flight). If were going to call the Odonates by any nickname, mosquito hawk is the one wed prefer to use. Sources Odonata: Dragonflies and Damselflies, University of California Museum of Paleontology. Accessed December 20, 2012.Do Dragonflies Bite or Sting?, Northwest Dragonflier blog, Jim Johnson. Accessed December 20, 2012.Here There Be Dragonflies, June Tveekrem, NASA. Accessed December 20, 2012.Odonata - Damselflies, Dragonflies, Anisoptera, Zygoptera, Dragonflies and Damselflies, Discover Life. Accessed December 20, 2012.Dragonflies and Damselflies | Iowa Insect Information Notes, Iowa State Univerity Department of Entomology. Accessed December 20, 2012.Animal Totems: The Power and Prophecy of Your Animal Guides, by Millie Gemondo and Trish MacGregor

The Death Of Julius Caesar By William Shakespeare And The...

Warnings play a very important role in the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare and the Rwandan Genocide in 1994. The omens and nightmares in the play foreshadow the death of Julius Caesar that later resulted to chaos in Rome. The events that lead to the assassination of Julius Caesar are predicted by omens from characters such as his wife Calphurnia, the Soothsayer, Artemidorus and from the environment. Similarly, many warnings in the Rwanda history triggered the genocidal slaughter, the Rwandan Genocide. The warnings illustrated tensions between ethnics groups such as the Rwandan Revolution in 1959 and Dallaire’s letter. Like Julius Caesar, member at the United Nation headquarter pay no attention to the ethnic tensions that existed before the genocide, which resulted to the slaughter of almost a million people. The keys plays in both Julius Caesar and the Rwandan Genocide ignore environmental, personal or social warnings about the impending danger. Julius Caesar’ s negligence and misinterpretation to the omens from the supernatural and prophecies result in his failure to prevent his death. Caesar’s choice to ignore the soothsayer’s warnings to â€Å"beware the Idles of March†(I.ii.18) represents his arrogance and misunderstanding of being invulnerable. Therefore, triggering the inability to heed omens from the soothsayer that refers to the exact date of Caesar’s assassination. He sees the soothsayer as â€Å"a dreamer†(I.ii.26) and fails to perceive the

Strategic Planning for Public Relations †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Strategic Planning for Public Relations. Answer: Introduction: The following assignment is about the industry and market analysis of the Sharp Shape Fitness club. The relevant background information including an outline has to be presented with the current industry trends, the state of the global market and the state of the Australian market as well. In the given requirements, it is said that the market needs to concentrate on its suppliers, buyers, potential entrants and the threat of the new entrants in the market, the investors who provide the money to run the business. The rivalry between the existing companies and the new entrants is always a fierce one because the competition to attract the customers is getting really tough every day. The progress and the development of a fitness training institution like the Sharp Shape Fitness Club has much to do with the state of the global market (Mooji, 2013). The state of the global market has a very large impact on all the marketing in the local and national spheres. The global objectives of improvi ng the condition related to the needs of the customers. As the awareness of people to get healthier and fitter has been increasing, the need for opening new fitness centers has been on the rise as well. The state of the Australian markets has to be assessed as well because it has to meet the needs of the local Australian people. The need to specialize in one sector is very important because the outcome of the project is all that makes all the difference. There is also a sharp rise in the need for fitness gyms in the country. The fitness gyms not only provide best health solutions to their millions of customers, but also they provide a good range of employment to fitness instructors in Australia. Industry Analysis/PESTEL Analysis Strategic development is one of the most important tools that help a new company to grow and make a market of its own. Some conditions have to be kept in the mind so that the company or the organization will be able to reach its objectives. These are also called the macro-environmental environments. The marketers also monitor it so that the problems can be identified and they can be solved accordingly. These are Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal (Jurevicius, 2013). In the above figure presented, it can be clearly seen that all these six factors have a vital role in determining the strategy according to which the organizations should follow their path of rise and sustenance. Australia is a politically stable country so the political environments would need to be supportive so that no objections can be raised from the political parties or any other authority during the structuring of the gym. Though the economic factors do not directly affect the business but it affects the business regarding money, goods and services. The environmental factors are very important because the environment of the area where gym is to be set up must be at a place where the customers can turn up easily. The legal factors include the areas where the Management of fitness gym must abide by the legal procedures and not break laws in any circumstances. The industry environment is very crucial for setting up the organization because the business credentials and the customers attention will be deeply involved with this. Bad industry environments will decrease the number of the customers. In this part, the bullet points have to be highlighted. The main factors that would influence the strategic planning are the environmental factors and the kind of environment they will provide to their customers. They must employ instructors with polite behavior, take proper steps to secure the economical conditions and ensure no legal barriers are violated. The strategic planning has to be fixed after targeting the segmented customers all over (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2012). Industry Analysis/ Porters Five Forces Porters five forces is a strategic tool that is very helpful in determining the level of competition that a company has to face in every sphere when it is growing in the industry (Dobbs, 2014). The growth of a company depends upon this strategic tool and also helps the Management of the company to plan about the certain strategies. These five forces include the bargaining power of the buyers, suppliers, new entrants in the business, product substitute and most importantly the rivalry of the industries. As contrary the macro environmental factors in the PESTEL analysis, these factors are related to the micro environment (Pulver, 2012). The assessment of situation in the industry competition has to be done very frequently. A pure competition has to be faced by all. This factor is very important because it enforces upon the importance of competition in the industry. A healthy rivalry is always helpful because there would be a certain amount of challenges foe every organization. The threat of new entrants in the industry is always there as the other organizations target to capture the customer market (Marshall, 2013). The bargaining power of the customers has to be assessed by the suppliers (Solomon, 2014). They would rate their own range of production cost so that they can maintain their profits. The thought of product substitute is a vital aspect because the concerned industries have to focus on maintaining the good quality of their products (Goetsch Davis, 2014). Thus, the Sharp Shape Fitness Club must also focus on their goods and its quality. They must also look to fix the monthly rates of the subscription to attract the customers than other rival fitness gyms. In this part of the narrative, the main parts of the Porters five forces have to be analyzed in course of the fitness club discussed here. The three prime factors of this are the industry rivalry that these companies may indulge in. In Australia, people are becoming more and more conscious about their health and consequently, more and more fitness clubs are opening. Sharp Shape Fitness Club has to keep its place in this race to keep themselves alive in this competition, (Thompson, 2014).The buying powers of the customers has to be assessed by the club Management and fix their monthly subscription fees. The threat of the new entrants here implies to the new fitness clubs that are opening in the country. Sharp Shape has to maintain their product quality to compete with others. Industry Analysis/ Key Success Factors In this part of the discussion a table has to be drawn the external forces that influence the industry and the key success factors that will lead to its success in future. External forces Key success factors The first external force that will affect the fitness industry is the kind of environment that the gym is set up. The gym has to be set up in a place that can be availed by all the people in the location, probably in an open space. The proper marketing has to be done before inauguration of the club. Leaflets should be distributed among the people of the locality and advertisements should be given in the media to inform the people. The customers will need a private space in the gym and a proper gym instructor. The space of the gym should be wide to give every member has a proper space. The gym must have a good dietician who can be able to provide the customers a proper diet chart (Freeland-Graves Nitzke, 2013). The installation of fitness materials should be done according to the needs of the customers. The customers should be benefitted by the diet charts provided. It should be made sure all the materials are properly installed. KSF narrative In this section, the topic of the KSF or the Key Success Factors should be clarified and the need for adapting the key success factors should be discussed. Key success factors or the KSF are the important tools that are used in the business planning (Scholes et al., 2014). These factors are not determined by the industries themselves. These factors are developed and identified for the marketing criteria. These are critical planning that influences the relationship between the customer and the company. In the first place, the company should focus on developing the business and to do that they should develop a proper business strategy (Verbeke, 2013). Every company has a goal or objective that the company wants to attain. In order to do so, they should identify the key factors that will lead them to their success or attaining their goals. These are the basic steps that the company should give its prime concentration on. In the case of the fitness industry, the concerned company should focus on the basic needs of the customers and make the proper fulfillments. In this part of the assignment, the topic of the discussion is to evaluate the value of the rational models discussed in the above. The models that have been discussed are the PESTEL analysis, Porters five forces and the Key Success Factors or KSF. These factors are very important in terms of business planning or strategic planning. The first model that has been discussed here is the PESTEL analysis (Yksel, 2012) It is a very important tool for fixing the business planning. Marketing strategy is so much important in the marketing aspects that it should be adopted by every emerging company in the business industry (Coase, 2012). An industry needs to cope up with all the six essential aspects that are depicted in the framework. The political aspect is important because the companies need to set up the company in the society and it should respect all the political opinions. The economic aspects are indeed important because without proper financial investment, no company can proceed further (Goodman et al., 2013). All of them plan a proper strategy regarding the economic backups. Social aspects should be considered so that the strategic planning can be done properly keeping the social values of people in mind. The technological are crucial in terms of providing the company with proper installing of the needful mater ials in the company. Environmental aspects are important to maintain a healthy environment in the locality of the company. Legal values should be followed to avoid any penalizing by the laws and the police. No employee should indulge in unlawful activities. In the Porters five forces, the five aspects have to be kept in mind to focus on the strategic planning of a company (Dobbs, 2014). The companies face challenges every moment and it is very difficult to retain its market in the competition. They have to assess the rival companies that are challenging their customer base and identify their new competitors that are coming to challenge them. The companies should conduct a proper market survey to keep updated about the current bargaining power of the buyers. They will have to determine their selling costs according to the affordability of the customers. These are very much important for a proper strategic planning (Smith, 2013). The final segment of the discussion continues on to the importance of KSF in strategic planning. The question is if the companies do not recognize their strengths and weakness how can they identify their success factors? The companies must identify their strengths to assess the key success factors to make the future planning for the growth of the companies. In the fitness industry, it is very hard to maintain its position as lots of new clubs are emerging and they are giving eye catching discounts to the customers. Sharp Shape Fitness Club must also keep these things in mind and develop their strategic planning according to the needs of the customers. These are indeed essential tools. References Coase, R. H. (2012).The firm, the market, and the law. University of Chicago press. De Mooij, M. (2013).Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), 32-45. Freeland-Graves, J. H., Nitzke, S. (2013). Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: total diet approach to healthy eating.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,113(2), 307-317. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality Management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Goodman, T. H., Neamtiu, M., Shroff, N., White, H. D. (2013). Management forecast quality and capital investment decisions.The Accounting Review,89(1), 331-365. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. E. (2012).Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Jurevicius, O. (2013). PEST PESTEL Analysis.Strategic Management Insight,13, 2013. Marshall, S. (2013). Evaluating the strategic and leadership challenges of MOOCs.Journal of Online Learning and Teaching,9(2), 216. Pulver, S. (2012). Business and the Environment. Scholes, K., Regner, P., Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Angwin, D. (2014).Exploring strategy: Text cases. Pearson. Smith, R. D. (2013).Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Solomon, M. R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Thompson, W. R. (2014). Worldwide survey of fitness trends for 2015: whats driving the market.ACSM's Health Fitness Journal,18(6), 8-17. Verbeke, A. (2013).International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Yksel, I. (2012). Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis.International Journal of Business and Management,7(24), 52-66.

Abortion Paper Essays - Human Reproduction, Sexual Reproduction, Law

Abortion Paper The coexistence of opposite and conflicting feelings about abortion is centuries old. Disagreements between public policy, morality and individual behavior on this issue existed even at the time of Plato and Aristotle. In the past few decades abortion issue has been brought into sharper focus and has been vigorously debated. A number of factors are responsible for this but perhaps the major one has been that associated with the sexual revolution which accentuates freedom in all matters sexual and in spite of or even because of the tremendous and indiscriminate increase in the distribution of contraceptives. Judges have ruled, politicians have legislated, but the controversy on this issue is still shaking our society. Since the late 1960's abortion has been shifting from a predominantly illegitimate status toward a more legitimate one. Several cases have been fought for the right to choose. Many of these have been hard cases with very personal feelings, but the perseverance showed through and gives us the rights we have today. In 1965 Griswold v. Connecticut upheld the right the right to privacy and ended the ban on birth control. Eight years later, the Supreme Court ruled the right to privacy included abortions. In Roe vs. Wade Supreme Court stated that it is the women's right to have an abortion if she so chooses. In Jan 1988 the abortion section of the Criminal Code of Canada was struck down in Morgentaler decision. (Gentles, 13). Most arguments against granting women the right to abortion are based on religious and moral prohibitions, defending the sanctity of human life. Opponents of abortion rely on the premise that the fetus is a human being, a person from the moment of conception. Anti- abortionist proclaim that they are pro-life. However, they spend so much time establishing that the fetus is a person and therefore has a right to live that they forget about mothers rights or simply ignore her existence. The word "murder" is often used by pro-lifers to describe abortion. Murder means deliberate and unjustified killing of another person containing intent. How can anybody see an evil intent in a woman's decision to interrupt pregnancy if it is a result of rape or incest? A woman cannot bear the thought of having a child that would be a constant reminder of what had happened on such and such a day, such and such number of years ago. She doesn't want to kill a baby, she wants to interrupt the growth of an embryo so that it will not become a baby. She interrupts potential life. But potential life is just that, potential. It is interesting to note that these same people, who place so much emphasis on protecting the fetus seem to care so little about what happens to children after they are born. The vast majority oppose government welfare programs to help support needy and dependent children. These people are also in favor of the death penalty and see the killing that goes on during war as justified and noble. My personal belief is that each woman should have a right to decide whether she wants to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. For reason's of women's right to self-determination, protection of their health, adequate care of children which are born and in order to prevent child abuse and mental disease, easy access to abortion is a must. Most abortions occur because contraception failed, because of a rape or because of a serious medical condition of the mother which could lead to her death. In these situations abortion is often the only way that prevents the birth of an unwanted child or saves a mothers life. Large percentage of women who have to deal with unwanted pregnancies are teenagers. Pregnancy often has catastrophic effects on adolescents. They drop out of school, have nervous breakdowns, even commit suicide. It is also unsafe for them to go through with pregnancy. Dr. Henry Morgentaler writes: "Mortality among pregnant teenage girls is sixty percent higher than among adult women, one of the reasons being that the pregnancy depletes the resources that the need for their own growth. Congenital malformations are also more frequent among babies whose mothers are under eighteen" (Morgentaler, 32). Many teenagers cannot provide the right conditions for raising a child for they are children themselves. Having a baby will often mean an end of future career, poverty and complications in health. Another issue is when pregnant women are older. They no longer feel prepared to shoulder an obligation of motherhood. Most of these women already have grown-up children and sometimes even grandchildren. From medical point of view their health is also in danger:

ACT English Questions, Reporting Categories, and Content

ACT English Questions, Reporting Categories, and Content ACT English Intro Shakespeare, you’re not (even if you do look good in those Elizabethan tights). That does not mean you can’t score well on the ACT English test. Trust me on this. Most of what you will encounter on the ACT English section of the exam is stuff you have done a million times in school. Sure, the format is different - you can get really tripped up on the paragraph spacing if you are not careful - but the content should be fairly easy for those of you who didnt fail out of all of your English and Language Arts classes. Read below for all of the ACT English Basics. And when you’re done getting the lay of the land, read through the ACT English strategies to help yourself before you test! ACT English Basics If you’ve read ACT 101, you know the following goodies about the ACT English section: 5 passages of text75 multiple-choice questions (fifteen per passage)45 minutesApproximately 30 seconds per question ACT English Scoring Just like the other multiple choice  sections, the ACT English section can earn you between 1 and 36 points. This score will be averaged with the scores from the other multiple-choice sections (Math, Science Reasoning and Reading) to get you your Composite ACT score. Youll also get your raw scores based on reporting categories that were introduced in 2016. Here, youll see how many questions you answered correctly in the  Production of Writing,  Knowledge of Language, and  Conventions of Standard English. They do not in any way affect your section or composite ACT score. Rather, they give you an indication of where you can improve if you should take the again. The English score is also tabulated with the Reading and Writing section scores to give you an ELA (English Language Arts) score. Like the   The average ACT English score is about a 21, but you’ll have to do much better than that if you’d like to hit up a top university for admissions acceptance – more like between a 30 and 34. ACT English Test Content As I stated previously, youll have three reporting categories scattered throughout the ACT exam. You will not see Production of Writing, Knowledge of Language, or Conventions of Standard English sections - that would be too easy! Rather, youll encounter these types of questions as you work through all five passages. Production of Writing (approximately 22 - 24 questions) Topic Development:  Identify the authors purpose Identify whether a portion of text has met its goalEvaluate materials relevance in terms of the texts focusOrganization, Unity and Cohesion:Use strategies to create logical organizationUse strategies to ensure a smooth flowEnsure effective introductions and conclusions Knowledge of Language (approximately 10 - 14 questions) Ensuring concision and precision in word choiceMaintain consistent styleMaintain consistent tone Conventions of Standard English (approximately 38 - 42 questions) Sentence Structure and Formation:  Ã‚  Identify misplaced modifiers (adjectives, adverbs, etc.) Fix run-ons, fragments and comma splice sentencesResolve problems with improper clause usage Correct  parallel structure.  Punctuation Resolve improper usage of  commas, apostrophes, colons, semicolons,  quotation marks, etc.Improve the text with various punctuationUsageRecognize common problems with standard English usage.Revise common problems to improve the writing.      ACT English Test Practice There it is – the ACT English section in brief. Think you can pass this bad boy? If not, then you have some major preparation in front of you. The English section is not easy by any stretch. Sure, its stuff youve learned in high school, but it is also incredibly challenging if you havent really had very much grammar or punctuation practice in a while. If you want to get ready, try starting with the best ways to study for the ACT. Then, move on to the ACT English practice questions. Once youve mastered that, you can read  through these ACT English Strategies so you are doubly prepared!

Interview essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interview - Essay Example The little musical device doesn’t just help him relax but also helps him become more focused when he is indulging in athletic activities such as boxing or training at the gym. Eric has owned the iPod for over three year now and no matter how old it gets he continues to cherish the music player he received as a Christmas present. It was in a way a tool to fit in with his peers better as he only wanted it because all his friends had iPods too. Eric hopes to become either a pharmacist or a doctor in the future. At the moment Front Range is a choice he has made for general study. He enrolled at Front Range because it is close to his home and the cost of classes is quite low. In order to pay for his classes he also works at Target. His hobbies further define his personality i.e. he is mainly interested in physical activity based activities such as swimming, boxing, weight lifting, running and spending time with his friends. For the sake of fun he also took a trip to Alaska and Utah at one point. Eric would like to someday visit England or France. Since he is from Louisville, Colorado, he’s not used to big cities and does not appreciate them very much. Eric is more comfortable in places where he is able to feel connected to nature. He has a very curious nature and likes experiencing new

Personal Code of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal Code of Ethics - Essay Example The knowledge possessed by each profession is a source of power for that profession. Through their publications, meetings, examination syllabi, and other activities, various professional associations have historically played a role in defining and furthering the technical aspects of the profession, deciding who is competent to practice in that profession, and elaborating the discourse carried on by that particular profession. Moreover, criminal justice is increasingly required to satisfy continuing education requirements in order to keep their professional status. My personal code of ethics involves moral and social responsibility issues, fair treatment of customers and colleagues. Clients served by professionals have no choice but to rely upon their lawyers for expert advice. Professionals are assumed to have a command of a complicated and changing subject matter; that is why they have been hired. But this also means that clients are rarely able to evaluate the professional's competence. This is true in criminal justice as well as in the other professions. In criminal justice this is a more complex notion because of the issue of third parties (Beauchamp and Bowie 2003). My personal code of ethics is based on the Judeo-Christian ethic. This ethics generally considered to be the foundation of Western ethical and moral standards. The Ten Commandments and the Golden Rule are firmly ingrained in this ethic as is the Protestant work ethic and faith, love, charity, fairness, and justice. The problem today, however, is that much of this basic truth has either been distorted, corrupted or applied only under certain circumstances or to the other person. It is not difficult to get most people to agree with the Ten Commandments, or at least on Commandments 5 through 10; that is, to agree with them in general or as they might apply to someone else (Beauchamp and Bowie 2003). If you want to be told the truth then you tell the truth; if you want to be treated fairly, then treat others fairly. Since most countries and religions of the world have some form of belief that comes close to the part of the Golden Rule that relates to treating others as you want them to treat you, then in theory if properly adhered to it can personalize business relations as well as bring fairness into business. The only problems with this is that unless all parties involved also believe in and adhere to the Ten Commandments there may be marked difference in what constitutes fairness, love, charity, and justice between the parties whenever any exchange situation exists. Without a common foundation upon which to build, there are bound to be many differences and many problems (Robbins, 2002). Duties of justice rest on the fact or possibility of a distribution of pleasure or happiness (or the means thereto) that is not in accordance with the merit of the persons concerned. A duty may arise in such cases to upset or prevent such a distribution. Corporations are frequently confronted with duties that arise from justice (Robbins, 2002). Like duties of justice, duties of beneficence do not arise because of any culpability on the part of the corporation. Duties of beneficence rest upon the mere fact that there are other beings in the world whose condition can be made better. If the corporation recognizes these beings and is able to improve their condition, then a

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay The Setting of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is set in the time before the civil war. This setting of is when racism and civil rights were still around. It was around the late 1800s. The state of which story takes place in is Missouri. The town that Huck Finn starts off at is called St. Petersburg which goes along the Mississippi river. Later on Huckleberry Finn goes off to an island that he is familiar to called Jason Island after he faked is death. This is when and where the story of Huckleberry Finn took place. The story Finn a Novel Matthew Olshan took place in a more modern time in Missouri. Even know it was set in a more modern time there was still racism around. Later on they end up going to California. This was the setting of both of these stories. The Plot of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain and Finn a Novel by Matthew Olshan are very similar to each other. In The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn the main character Huck Finn is trying to find a way to freedom from his irresponsible drunken father Pap. In the novel Finn a Novel Chloe is trying to find a way to freedom from her crazy mother. Huck Finn and Chloe were both kidnapped by their parents. The slave of Widow Douglas, Jim, ran away from her and Huck Finn ran into Jim on Jason Island (which is where Huck Finn ran away to after he faked his death). They both run away together to find freedom. In Finn a Novel Finn faked her own death and ran away with her grandparent’s maid Silvia to California to be free of discrimination and racism. Both stories run through some situations and get split apart, but they make it through them. That is how both of the stories plots were similar to each other. The themes of both of these stories are pretty much the same. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn the theme is natural life. It was not right in society that slave should be around. Huck Finn helped Jim to get to freedom after they ran away from civilization and society. When they were out of civilization the rules did not apply and made life easier for them. The theme of Finn a Novel was the same. When Silvia was working just to stay in the US without a pay was not alright. There was racism all around Silvia that was trying to deport her back to Mexico. To go to California was going to make her life better for her and her child. Both of these stories show that life can be better away from society. This is how the themes compare to each other.

I Must Help Others :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

I Must Help Others    I grew up amidst the poverty and deprivation of the Third World, and for the majority of the twenty years that I lived in Jamaica, I lived with a sense of hopelessness. I lived with my mother, one brother, and two sisters in a one-bedroom house without any roof. The day before my final exams, during my first year in high school, we were evicted from the house. I never got another chance to take my exams, and I had to spend the next school year repeating the same classes.    At the age of thirteen, I dropped out of school for about nine months because we were without any resources. During that time out of school I came to realize the value of education. I realized that I could improve the quality of my life and that of the people around me with an education.    While in high school my decision to become a doctor became real. As a member of the Hospital Club I visited the Kingston Public Hospital and saw that there were people there that had been waiting for days to see a doctor because they could not afford to go elsewhere. I had to do something to help.    As I pause to think of the forces that have motivated and influenced me, I remember the harsh experiences that I have endured, and the obstacles I have overcome. But, I would rather focus on the positive experiences that I have had. In doing so, I recall the many times that I was called upon by the headmistress of my high school to teach a mathematics class when the teacher was out ill, including the class in which I was enrolled. I remember the many times that I was voted in as class monitor and I also recall during my senior year being one of the fifteen prefects for the student body, which consisted of approximately 1500 girls. These experiences gave me a sense of pride, dignity, and the will to carry on.    I graduated from high school in 1985, and during that summer I worked as a clerk at the Police Forensic Laboratory. My interest in Physics and Biology blossomed as I watched the ballistics and other experiments being performed in this Laboratory. These were classes that I had never taken before.

Analyzing Barnes & Noble.com

The Barnes & Noble online store – www. bn. com – was launched in March 1997. Among its primary strengths is its offline component – the Barnes & Noble, Inc. which is a leading publisher and retailer involved in selling trade books, mass market paperbacks, children’s books, bargain books, magazines, music and movies. The big inventory of this online channel is largely attributed to its offline counterpart. Another strength that Barnes & Noble. com has is its purchase of SparkNotes. com.This website is considered as the world’s largest educational site which provides access to thousands of study guides on various poems, short stories, novels, and other literary pieces. When Barnes & Noble bought SparksNotes in 2001, the educational site already had six million registered users. This number is continuously increasing and this increase widens the market reach of Barnes & Noble. com. Apart from SparkNotes, Barnes & Noble. com is also affiliated with the Barnes & Noble University.The university offers free courses and its students are potential targets which can be reached through the direct introduction and promotion of the online store and its products. Another advantage of Barnes & Noble. com is its acquisition of an online electronic book retailer – Fictionwise. Fictionwise allows the online store to penetrate the e-book market and effectively compete with Amazon. com (its prime competitor) in distributing digital copies of books and other content. Before, the prime problem of the site was that it was not as user-friendly as Amazon. com.Fortunately, that has been resolved by changing the site’s management team. Now, the major weakness that Barnes & Noble. com has is the fact that it is still not as popular as Amazon. com. When it started its operation in 1997, Amazon was already two years ahead in operation and it has already built a very big market of registered users in its database. In 1999, it was noted that Ba rnes & Noble. com only had 1. 8 million names while Amazon had 8. 4 million. Another weakness is the fact that its product prices are not as competitive with Amazon especially when it comes to e-books.Amazon also has bigger storage capacities for its products and this enables them to provide services and ship their products very quickly. Fortunately, its recent affiliations with SparkNotes and Fictionwise pose many opportunities. Barnes & Noble. com management speculates that Fictionwise can help the company significantly reduce its marketing price in e-books. Moreover, the acquisition of SparkNotes increases the market database of Barnes & Noble. com by millions. The company can also utilize its nationwide stores as marketing venues which already have access to millions of Barnes & Noble customers.It can also foster affiliations with other online companies in order to expand its market reach and increase probabilities for future innovations. As for the threats, Barnes & Noble still faces challenges from Amazon. com, as well as other book sellers which adapted the Amazon concept of online retail. This includes Blackwell Synergy, Books-A-Million, and Powell’s Books. If these companies would merge to launch a new online library and book retailer, Barnes & Noble. com might have suffer from fierce competition. A leader in the industryBarnes & Noble. com is considered as a leader in the online bookselling as it offers a wide selection of in-stock inventory – three million from the company’s online catalogue and another thirty million listings from other book dealers of in-print books which may be new, rare, used, or out-of print. In addition to that, the website is also leading in the electronic books and publishing industry. The site has almost 5,000 e-book titles which can be purchased and readily downloaded from the site to any personal computer, laptop, or pocket PC.With its rapid expansion and tie-up with various online companies, Barnes & Noble predicts that it won’t be long before their site would offer digital companies of all of the company’s book titles. Barnes & Noble. com is also leading in the music commerce. Recently, Forbes. com voted the website as the No. 1 music site. The music store of Barnes & Noble. com has been credited for offering not just great music of jazz, world music or Broadway. Instead, it also achieved recognition for its extensive and interesting editorial features for people who want to know more about the music that they are buying.Barnes & Noble. com’s success is best demonstrated in its revenues. Based on the company records, the sales of this online channel have steadily increased in the past few years. In 2006, its sales reached $433 million for the full year. In 2007, the sales were up to $477 million for the full year – exhibiting about 13. 4% increase as compared to 2006. The revenue model of the E-commerce site Barnes & Noble. com is patterned after Am azon. com’s web catalog revenue model. Like other booksellers, Barnes & Noble.com get their revenues when customers choose from the on-site product catalogs and buy through the site. The orders can be placed and paid through the automated ordering forms and â€Å"shopping cart† of the website. What’s good about this model is the fact that it acts as an online extension of the company’s nationwide stores for its in-print products. Since the model is implemented at an online level, the revenue generation becomes more effective as potential customers can access the site, view their choices, and buy products anytime that they want to.Although there are other methods of earning which Barnes & Noble. com can use (i. e. advertising through editorial content and ad spaces), such must be utilized only at a minimal level in order to avoid comprising the site’s book selling and promotion process. Marketing on the web Barnes & Noble. com tries aims to appeal t o the general audience. To attract the target market and maintain a great share of loyal customers, the company employs various promotional methods – both offline and online. Offline, www. bn.com is introduced through the stores of Barnes & Noble. It is also popularized through the Barnes & Noble Membership Program which offers incentives to shoppers of the company’s products online and offline. The most beneficial incentive is the discounts which range from ten to ninety percent. The marketing campaign of Barnes & Noble. com is a lot more aggressive. Foremost of these is the promotional mailing. The online book retailer attempts to pitch various book clubs including the 5. 5 million members of the Bertlesmann.In addition to that, they have linked their physical stores to their site. Included in their previous strategy was to provide incentives for customers who give away their e-mail addresses to them. Through their university, Barnes & Noble gains access to the e-mai l addresses of students as well. The e-mails are then supplied with promotional offers, flyers, brochures, newsletters and product catalogs. In addition to this, the online book seller is promoted through advertorials and advertisements in Yahoo. In 2000, Barnes & Noble.com initiated a partnership with Yahoo. As a result, the site became the premier book seller that is featured in the Yahoo directory. The site was also the featured merchant on Yahoo Shopping. Moreover, graphic links of Barnes & Noble. com were presented in every search result page and in all the book category pages of Yahoo. Conclusion Barnes & Noble. com has achieved its position as a leading online bookseller through its successful acquisition, affiliations and merging with other online companies such as Yahoo, SparkNotes, Spinway, and FictionWise.Moreover, a great part of its success must also be attributed to the fact that it has a big inventory of books (in-print and e-books), magazines, and CDs and DVDs of var ious music and movies. The online book seller also has an efficient marketing campaign – online and offline – through Yahoo. com, Barnes & Noble physical stores, and through its aggressive promotional mailings distributed primarily via book clubs and the Barnes & Noble University. Barnes & Noble. com’s success is best demonstrated in its continuously increasing revenues for the past few years.Furthermore, this success is seen in its rapid expansion and continuously increasing inventory. To keep up with this success and the fierce competition with Amazon. com, the online company should make sure that it can keep up with the new innovations in marketing, new methods in presenting online product catalogs, and more efficient processes in shipping their products. It should also increase its inventory storage capacity through the acquisition of more warehouses. References: Barnes & Noble (2008). Barnes & Noble Press Release: Barnes & Noble Reports 2007 Year-End Sales, Released 03-03-2008.Retrieved 03-15-2009 from http://www. barnesandnobleinc. com/newsroom/press_releases_list. html Danielle Belopotosky (2009). E-Book Seller Fictionwise Bought by Barnes & Noble. Published 03-05-2009 in New York Times Online. Retrieved 03-15-2009 from http://gadgetwise. blogs. nytimes. com/2009/03/05/e-book-seller-fictionwise-bought-buy-barnes-noble/ Gale Group (2007). Barnes & Noble Reports Preliminary 2006 Results: Issues First Quarter 2007 Guidance. Published 03-22-2007 in Business Wire, The Free Library. Retrieved 03-15-2009 from http://www. thefreelibrary.com/Business+Wire/2007/March/22-p53 Larry Light (1999). Barnes & Noble's New Battle Plan for the Cyberbook War. Published 07-07-1999 in Business Week Online. Retrieved 03-15-2009 from http://www. businessweek. com/bwdaily/dnflash/july1999/nf90707a. htm Yahoo. (2000). Yahoo Press Release: Barnes & Noble Announces Availability Of Free Unlimited Internet Service CDs At Stores Nationwide, Released October 16, 20 00. Retrieved 03-15-2009 from http://yhoo. client. shareholder. com/releasedetail. cfm? sh_print=yes&releaseid=173692 Barnes & Noble Website: http://www. barnesandnobleinc. com

Outer Circle - Definition and Examples - World English

The outer circle is made up of post-colonial countries in which English, though not the mother tongue, has for a significant period of time played an important role in education, governance, and popular culture. Countries in the outer circle include India, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, and more than 50 other nations. Low Ee  Ling  and Adam Brown describe the outer circle as those countries in the earlier phases of the spread of English in non-native settings[,] . . . where English has become institutionalized or has become part of the countrys chief institutions (English in Singapore, 2005).   The outer circle is one of the three concentric circles of World English described by linguist Braj Kachru in Standards, Codification and Sociolinguistic Realism: The English Language in the Outer Circle (1985).   The labels inner, outer, and expanding  circles represent the type of spread, the patterns of acquisition, and the functional allocation of the English language in diverse cultural contexts.  As discussed below, these labels remain controversial. Explanations of Outer Circle English In the Inner Circle, English spread largely because of a migration of English speakers. In time each settlement developed its own national variety. On the other hand, the spread of English in the Outer Circle has occurred largely as a result of colonization by English-speaking nations. Here, two major types of linguistic development occurred. In some countries like Nigeria and India, where under colonial powers it developed as an elite second language, only a minority of the society acquired English. However, in other countries like Barbados and Jamaica, the slave trade had a significant impact on the variety of English spoken, resulting in the development of English-based pidgins and creoles.(Sandra Lee McKay, Teaching English as an International Language: Rethinking Goals and Approaches. Oxford University Press, 2002)The Outer Circle may be thought of as country contexts where English was first introduced as a colonial language for administrative purposes. . . . English is used in these countries for intra-country purposes. In addition to Outer Circle, terms frequently used to describe the manner in which English has evolved in these settings include institutionalized and nativized. In these countries, a variety of English has evolved which possesses the common core characteristics of Inner Circle varieties of English, but in addition can be distinguished from them by particular lexical, phonological, pragmatic, and morphosyntactic innovations.(Kimberly Brown, World Englishes:  To Teach or Not to Teach. World Englishes, ed. by   Kingsley Bolton and Braj B. Kachru. Routledge, 2006) Problems With the World Englishes Model Considering the history of the emancipation of various Englishes around the globe, it is obvious that the groundbreaking work emanated from and has been essentially focused on the Outer Circle. But it has been an uphill struggle. Even today, what is often termed international by Inner Circle scholars, publishers, etc. is often simply interpreted as the international spread of native-speaker Standard English (a minority variety in itself) rather than the way English has changed to meet international needs.(Barbara Seidlhofer, World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca: Two Frameworks or One? World Englishes--Problems, Properties and Prospects, ed. by Thomas Hoffmann and Lucia Siebers. John Benjamins, 2009)As a large number speakers from the Outer-Circle and Expanding-Circle countries now live in the Inner-Circle countries, even native speakers of English are increasingly exposed to World Englishes. This means revising the notion of proficiency even for the English of native speake rs. Canagarajah (2006: 233) maintains that, in a context where we have to constantly shuffle between different varieties [of English] and communities, proficiency becomes complex . . . one needs the capacity to negotiate diverse varieties to facilitate communication.(Farzad Sharifian, English as an International Language: An Overview. English as an International Language: Perspectives and Pedagogical Issues, ed. by F. Sharifian. Multilingual Matters, 2009) Also Known As: extended circle